In a move to establish greater digital sovereignty, Russian President Vladimir Putin has authorized the development of a government-controlled messaging application. This initiative aims to reduce Russia's reliance on foreign platforms like WhatsApp and Telegram, which are currently popular among Russian citizens. The decision comes amidst growing concerns over data security and the influence of Western tech companies, particularly after several companies scaled back their operations in Russia following the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine.
The new messaging app, unofficially dubbed "GosChat," is envisioned as a multifunctional platform integrated with various government services. Russian lawmakers claim that it will offer features not currently available on WhatsApp or Telegram, such as the ability to use electronic signatures for documents and verify personal information like identity, age, and eligibility for state benefits. This integration aims to streamline administrative processes and reduce the need for paper-based documents. The app may also be modeled after China's WeChat, combining messaging, social networking, a search engine, and a payment system into a single platform. The "Max" app, developed by the Russian tech giant VK, may provide the technological basis for the new platform.
The development of the state-backed messaging app is part of a broader push for "digital sovereignty" in Russia. This initiative includes promoting home-grown services and tightening regulations on foreign tech companies. The government plans to pre-install the new app on smartphones sold in Russia and mandate its use in public institutions, including schools and government offices. This strategy aims to encourage widespread adoption and create a competitive alternative to foreign messaging platforms.
However, the initiative has raised concerns about privacy and freedom of speech. Critics fear that the government's control over the app could lead to censorship, surveillance, and the suppression of dissenting voices. Some experts predict that the Russian authorities may throttle the internet speeds of WhatsApp and Telegram to incentivize users to switch to the state-backed service. The director of the Internet Protection Society, Mikhail Klimarev, has expressed concerns over potential risks to privacy and personal freedoms.
Despite the potential challenges, Russian officials maintain that the new messaging app is not intended to ban foreign platforms but to foster competition in the messaging space. They argue that WhatsApp and Telegram can continue to operate in Russia as long as they comply with Russian laws. However, they will no longer benefit from the absence of domestic alternatives. The success of the new app will depend on its ability to offer a compelling user experience, unique features, and robust security while addressing concerns about government control and censorship.
